During last year’s Commercial Vehicle Safety Alliance (CVSA) annual Brake Safety Week inspection campaign, more than 2,300 vehicles across North America were placed out of service for brake violations.
As Brake Safety Week 2016 nears, Bendix Commercial Vehicle Systems LLC aims to provide fleets, technicians, and drivers with insight to help keep vehicles off that list and on the road in safe operating condition. This year’s event is scheduled for Sept. 11-17.
As part of CVSA’s Operation Airbrake, Brake Safety Week is an annual outreach and enforcement campaign designed to improve commercial motor vehicle brake safety. Brake Safety Week 2015 saw more than 18,800 inspections on large trucks and buses, conducted by local, state, provincial, territorial, and federal motor carrier safety officials in the United States and Canada.
Bendix says it supports the goals of Brake Safety Week through information and training that help improve highway safety.
“The road to safer vehicles may begin with new technologies and improved braking components, but it also requires supporting them through proper maintenance and ongoing, proactive training and technical knowledge,” says Fred Andersky, Bendix director of government and industry affairs.
“The best-equipped vehicle out there is not running at its safest without the right upkeep and know-how both in the garage and on the road.”
Maintenance Matters
Friction selection, air system care, and upkeep of components affecting brake stroke all contribute to brake performance – which means they have a role to play in preparation for Brake Safety Week.
Whether a vehicle uses foundation drum or air disc brakes, it’s important to know when new friction is needed. Check friction regularly for cracks or missing pieces, ensure adequate thickness, and examine drums and rotors for signs of dragging brakes or overheating linings. For reference, the American Trucking Associations’ Technology and Maintenance Council’s Recommended Practice 627A aligns directly with CVSA inspection guidelines and provides visual illustrations for acceptable and out-of-service conditions.
When relining brakes on vehicles affected by federal Reduced Stopping Distance (RSD) regulations, ask suppliers for evidence of compliance: Not all replacement friction marketed as acceptable under RSD will actually perform to the standard.
Because an effective and safe air braking system is dependent on maintaining clean air, Bendix recommends monthly checks for moisture in the system, supported with use of oil-coalescing air dryer cartridges like the Bendix PuraGuard.
An air system contaminated by moisture – particularly oil – can suffer deterioration of components such as air seals, brake modulating valves, and brake chamber diaphragms. This can lead to air system leaks, which are targeted during Operation Airbrake inspections.
Brake stroke measurement is also a Brake Safety Week focal point: During last year’s event, more than 1,400 vehicles were placed out of service because they had wheel-ends beyond the maximum allowable stroke, or out-of-adjustment. Drivers can incur fines if 25 percent of a vehicle’s wheel-ends are non-compliant. Bendix recommends measuring wheel-end stroke by checking the distance from the chamber to the large clevis pin with the brakes released, and again after a fully charged brake application.
Automatic slack adjusters must never be repeatedly adjusted to correct for out-of-adjustment conditions. This out-of-adjustment condition repeatedly occurring indicates that there is another problem, and technicians should look for the root cause.
Some things a technician should check more closely include excessive wear of the cam head, bushings, or rollers; proper installation of the slack adjuster; and proper operation of the slack adjuster itself per the manufacturer’s procedures (for example, “Bendix Air Drum Brakes Service Manual BW-7258”), since manual adjustment will not correct this issue.
“We regularly stress the importance of learning and addressing the causes of out-of-adjustment brakes that are equipped with automatic slack adjusters, since properly installed and maintained adjusters should not require routine manual brake adjustments during maintenance inspections,” says Keith McComsey, director of marketing and customer solutions, wheel-end at Bendix Spicer Foundation Brake LLC.
“Brake adjustment has a direct impact on brake performance and safety, which is one reason it comes under scrutiny during Brake Safety Week inspections.”
Drivers’ Duties
Driver preparation for Brake Safety Week inspections begins with focused knowledge and observation – the same tools that safety-minded professional drivers already use every time they hit the road.
Familiarity with the vehicle systems’ blinking light fault codes, and knowing how to address them, helps ensure safe operation. For example, antilock braking system (ABS) warning lights convey key information on problems with components such as wheel speed sensors. Additionally, on vehicles equipped with traction control and stability control systems, issues are indicated via the traction control/stability control lamp.
Blinking light codes for both systems can be accessed using the dashboard diagnostic switch or a remote diagnostic unit, allowing drivers and technicians to pinpoint and address issues by using the fault code information in the system’s service data sheet.
Pretrip checks and system leak tests should be a regular part of any safe driver’s practices.
To check for leaks, Bendix recommends a 90 to 100 psi brake application, followed by a walk-around vehicle inspection that includes listening for audible leaks. CVSA inspections will go a step further, testing the vehicle’s low air pressure warning device, and measuring the air loss rate if a leak is detected.
During visual inspections, check the air system carefully for loose hoses; and at the wheel-ends, make sure that the air chambers, pushrods and slack adjusters are not damaged or hanging loose. For air disc brakes, check the guide pin boots and tappet boots to make sure they are intact, without cracks or tears that could allow moisture inside.
Inspection Day
Drivers whose vehicles are selected for roadside checks during Brake Safety Week can expect Operation Airbrake inspectors to examine the following: driver’s license, registration, low air warning device, pushrod travel (brake adjustment), brake linings and drums, air loss rate if a leak is detected, and tractor protection system.
Since these inspections are one-time examinations of a particular item, they generally fall under the Level IV category of North American Standard Inspection Levels. The CVSA notes, however, that many inspectors will be conducting Level I inspections, which are the more thorough North American Standard Inspection. Furthermore, in 10 jurisdictions where performance-based brake testing equipment is used, vehicles’ braking efficiency will also be measured.
Operation Airbrake inspection procedure includes:
- Checking the air brake mechanical components
- Checking the steering axle air brake mechanical components
- Checking the brake adjustment
- Building the air system’s pressure to 90-100 psi
- Checking the air brake antilock braking system, if applicable
- Testing the air loss rate, if necessary
- Testing the low air pressure warning device
- Checking the tractor protection system
- Finalizing the paperwork and providing the results to the driver
“Although this information is focused on helping teams across the trucking industry prepare for Brake Safety Week, year-round knowledge and equipment support is a key piece of Bendix’s approach to helping improve highway safety,” Andersky says.
